![]() Problems can arise because of cross-reactions between unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparins and between various heparins and heparinoids. Hypersensitivity to unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparins and semisynthetic heparinoids is increasingly common, but its pathogenesis is still not fully understood. Hypersensitivity reactions to heparin include heparin-induced immune thrombocytopenia, allergic vasculitis, hypereosinophilia, and immediate and delayed skin reactions. Hyperkalemia can also occur due to inhibition of aldosterone synthesis. Its effects often produce a mild elevation in hepatic transaminases, but without an increase in bilirubin or alkaline phosphatase levels. Heparin introduced intravenously or subcutaneously can also cause abnormalities in liver function tests. ![]() The mechanism for these abnormalities is not completely understood. Osteoporosis with spontaneous rib and vertebral fractures has been reported in patients who have received therapeutic doses of heparin for an extended period of time (>3 months). There are a few less common toxicities that can be seen in patients receiving heparin. Heparin is used in a scientific setting in animal dialysis models as well as in models of graft rejection. It is uncommon for animals to be maintained on heparin for an extended period of time. Heparin is used in veterinary medicine for the management of thromboembolic problems following vascular surgery. Acquisto, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), 2014 Chronic Toxicity (or Exposure) Animal
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |